Sri Visakka Sakhi is the second most important gopi of the eight main gopis. Legend has it that Radha and Viśakha were born on the same day and were equally beautiful. The city is named after Sri Visakha Varma. The city was ruled by the Andhra Kings of Vengi and Pallavas. European powers eventually set up trading interests in the city and Visakhapatnam came under French rule at the end of the 18th century. Control over the city fluctuated between the Chola dynasty of Tamil Nadu and the Gajapati Kingdom of Odisha until its conquest by the Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century. Archaeological records suggest that the present city was built around the 11th and 12th centuries C.E. Historically considered part of the Kalinga region, it was ruled by the Vengi kingdom and the Pallava and Eastern Ganga dynasties during medieval times. Visakhapatnam's history stretches back to the 6th century BCE and the city finds mention in ancient texts such as the 4th century BCE writings of Pāṇini and Katyayana. It is still referred to as Vizag by locals too, however since independence, people have reverted to calling it by its Indian name of Visakhapatnam. The name was popularly shortened to Vizag and this form was in use right from the earliest days of British colonial rule in the district in the late eighteenth century. "Vizagapatnam" could also be spelled Visakhapatnam in the West European alphabet. The suburb Waltair is another such name which was derived from the name the British colonial government used. During the East India Company rule in India, the city was known with the name, Vizagapatnam. Other such names are, Kulotungapatnam, named by the Chola King Kulotuna I Ishakapatnam, based on a Muslim Saint, Syed Ali Madani (Ishak Madani). The local belief behind the name of the city states, there was a king of 4th century, who on his pilgrimage halted at Lawson's Bay and built a temple dedicated to Vaisakha, which was submerged under the sea, but the name of the temple was got to the settlement. On 31 January 2023, it was announced that the city will become the capital of Andhra Pradesh. In 2020, it was a finalist in the Living and Inclusion category of the World Smart City Awards. According to the Swachh Survekshan rankings of 2020, it is the ninth cleanest city in India among cities with a population of more than 1 million. It is nicknamed as the "City of Destiny" and the "Jewel of the East Coast". The city is a major tourist destination and is known for its beaches, ancient Buddhist sites, and the natural environment of the surrounding Eastern Ghats. Visakhapatnam Port is the fifth-busiest cargo port in India. The city is also home to the oldest shipyard and the only natural harbour on the east coast of India. The city also serves as the zonal headquarters of South Coast Railway Zone (SCoR). Visakhapatnam serves as the headquarters for the Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command. The city is home to some reputed Central and State educational institutions of the state, including Andhra University (AU), Andhra Medical College (AMC), Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University (DSNLU), Indian Maritime University (IMU), and the National Institute of Oceanography among others. Control passed to the East India Company in 1804 and it remained under British colonial rule until Indian independence in 1947. European powers eventually established trade operations in the city, and by the end of the 18th century it had come under French colonial rule. During 12th century CE, Vizagapatnam was a fortified merchandize town managed by a guild. A reference to Vizagapatnam merchant is available in the inscriptions of Bheemeswara temple (1068 CE) of East Godavari District. Visakhapatnam was an ancient Port city which had trade relations with the Middle East and Rome. Ships were anchored at open roads and were loaded with cargo transported from Visakhapatnam shore by means of small Masula boats. It was ruled by the Andhra Satavahanas, Vengi, the Pallava and Eastern Ganga dynasties. Visakhapatnam's history dates back to the 6th century BCE. With an estimated output of $43.5 billion, it is the ninth-largest contributor to India's gross domestic product as of 2016. It is one of the four smart cities of Andhra Pradesh selected under the Smart Cities Mission and is the headquarters of Visakhapatnam district. It is the second-largest city on the east coast of India after Chennai, and the fourth-largest in South India. It is between the Eastern Ghats and the coast of the Bay of Bengal. Visakhapatnam ( / v ɪ ˌ s ɑː k ə ˈ p ʌ t n ə m/, formerly known as Vizagapatam ), also known as Vizag, Viśākha or Waltair, is the largest and most populous metropolitan city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
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